In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the Vietnam War. On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1964, the FBI mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, spied on his personal life, and secretly recorded him. Edgar Hoover considered King a radical and made him an object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963 forward. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. There were several dramatic standoffs with segregationist authorities, who frequently responded violently.

The SCLC put into practice the tactics of nonviolent protest with some success by strategically choosing the methods and places in which protests were carried out. The civil rights movement achieved pivotal legislative gains in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. King was one of the leaders of the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his ' I Have a Dream' speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, and helped organize two of the three Selma to Montgomery marches during the 1965 Selma voting rights movement. As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize some of the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama.

He oversaw the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). King participated in and led marches for the right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other civil rights. A black church leader and a son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination. January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Christian minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968.

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